Strategia / 17.0 / by Social Point / 269.95M

Strategia / 1.2.608476 / by Exptional Global / 2.1 GB

Strategia / 8.0.0 / by ALLMOBILE / 1.93MB

Strategia / 1.0.5 / 29.29M

Strategia / v23.6.21 / by Candy Bar Games / 103.42M

Strategia / 1.3.7 / by BER Games / 50.9 MB

Strategia / 4.22 / 134.75M

Strategia / 1.10.0105 / by kim_futter / 113.00M

Strategia / 1.05 / by VictoryGame / 37.00M

Strategia / 3.0.4 / by sarbsukh / 15.60M

Strategia / v60256021 / by Supercell / 75.13M

Strategia / v2020.11.17 / by AlexACEPlays / 57.83M

Strategia / v3.1.3 / by MASTGames / 146.00M

Strategia / 0.4.7.0.11 / 150.00M

Strategia / 1.007 / by Zero Touch group / 49.5 MB