Strateji / 0.3.0.3 / by Bulat Zavgarov / 722.00M

Strateji / 1.44 / 78.44M

Strateji / 3.2729.1 / by Supercell / 299.17M

Strateji / 5.2.1 / by Home Net Games / 68.00M

Strateji / 0.0.99 / 49.23M

Strateji / 0.0.93 / 37.56M

Strateji / 1.0.9 / by Monster Games Productions PTY LTD / 29.00M

Strateji / 1.0 / by Oasis Gaming Studio / 44.00M

Strateji / 17.0 / by Social Point / 269.95M

Strateji / 1.2.608476 / by Exptional Global / 2.1 GB

Strateji / 8.0.0 / by ALLMOBILE / 1.93MB

Strateji / 1.0.5 / 29.29M

Strateji / v23.6.21 / by Candy Bar Games / 103.42M

Strateji / 1.3.7 / by BER Games / 50.9 MB

Strateji / 4.22 / 134.75M