Strateji / 1.10.0105 / by kim_futter / 113.00M

Strateji / 1.05 / by VictoryGame / 37.00M

Strateji / 3.0.4 / by sarbsukh / 15.60M

Strateji / v60256021 / by Supercell / 75.13M

Strateji / v2020.11.17 / by AlexACEPlays / 57.83M

Strateji / v3.1.3 / by MASTGames / 146.00M

Strateji / 0.4.7.0.11 / 150.00M

Strateji / 1.007 / by Zero Touch group / 49.5 MB

Strateji / 2.6.4 / 148.74M

Strateji / 2.6 / by TeeToo / 94.29MB

Strateji / 1.9 / 87.00M

Strateji / v4.11 / by Edkon Games GmbH / 676.76M

Strateji / 1.16.14 / by Joybox Interaction Inc. / 616.64M

Strateji / 2.3.14 / 139.00M

Strateji / 1.0.28 / 501.17M